Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is a common heart failure symptom. It may happen with activity or while resting.

It can occur when the heart can’t keep up with blood returning from the lungs. When blood backs up in the vessels between the lungs and heart, rising pressure can push fluid into the lungs, making breathing harder.

Excess fluid in the lungs can cause a cough that doesn’t go away. You may also notice mucus that has a white or pink hue. If your heart failure is worsening, you may notice you’re coughing more often.

When heart failure causes fluid to build up in your lungs, lying down flat can make breathing harder. You may need to prop yourself up with extra pillows or sit up to breathe more easily. This is called orthopnea.

If you can’t comfortably lie flat or you suddenly need more pillows than usual, contact your healthcare team promptly.

People with heart failure can experience swelling, also known as edema. Fluid buildup is common in the abdomen, legs, ankles, and feet. You may notice visible swelling, tight shoes, or deep sock marks.

When the heart doesn’t move blood forward efficiently, pressure can build in the veins. Fluid can then shift into surrounding tissues and cause swelling.

If you’re living with heart failure, it’s a good idea to weigh yourself every day and write down changes. A weight gain of more than 2 to 3 pounds in 24 hours or 5 pounds in a week is a sign to contact your healthcare team right away.

Feeling tired or fatigued, even when you get enough rest, can be a symptom of heart failure. You may also notice it’s harder to do physical activities, like climbing stairs, going shopping, or walking the dog.

Heart failure may leave your muscles and other tissues with less blood than they need, which can contribute to fatigue. You may also feel tired if symptoms make it hard to sleep.

If your usual activities become harder or you feel tired even after rest, tell your doctor.

Heart failure can affect digestion. Reduced blood flow to the digestive system can contribute to nausea, loss of appetite, or feeling full quickly.

If you lose your appetite or feel sick to your stomach and this is new for you, contact your healthcare team. These symptoms may mean your heart failure is getting worse.

Changes in circulation and blood chemistry can contribute to confusion or memory problems.

These changes can be hard to notice in yourself. Family members and caregivers should watch for new or worsening confusion and report it to your doctor.

As your heart tries to compensate for reduced pumping capacity, it may begin beating faster. You may notice palpitations, which can feel as though your heart is racing or throbbing.

Your healthcare team may ask you to track your heart rate. Call your doctor about new or frequent palpitations, especially if they come with shortness of breath, dizziness, or chest discomfort.